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Cologne, Germany’s 4th largest city, is located on the mighty Rhine River, historically one of the great rivers of the continent and among the most important arteries of industrial transport in the world. As one example, while we were here, we saw 5 or 6 river cruise boats anchored in Cologne. The city was founded and established in the 1st century AD as a Roman settlement. When Cologne began building its underground transportation system they discovered extensive Roman ruins. In the year 310 AD under the emperor Constantine I a bridge was built over the Rhine at Cologne.